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A lesson plan is a teacher's detailed description of the course of instruction, or 'learning trajectory' for a lesson. A daily lesson plan is developed by a teacher to guide class learning. Details will vary depending on the preference of the teacher, subject being covered, and the needs of the students. There may be requirements mandated by the school system regarding the plan. A lesson plan is the teacher's guide for running a particular lesson, and it includes the goal (what the students are supposed to learn), how the goal will be reached (the method, procedure) and a way of measuring how well the goal was reached (test, worksheet, homework etc.).〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://www.englishclub.com/esl-lesson-plans/what-is-a-lesson-plan.htm )〕 ==Developing a lesson plan== While there are many formats for a lesson plan, most lesson plans contain some or all of these elements, typically in this order: * ''Title'' of the lesson * ''Time'' required to complete the lesson * List of required ''materials'' * List of ''objectives'', which may be ''behavioral objectives'' (what the student can ''do'' at lesson completion) or ''knowledge objectives'' (what the student ''know''s at lesson completion) * The ''set'' (or lead-in, or bridge-in) that focuses students on the lesson's skills or concepts—these include showing pictures or models, asking leading questions, or reviewing previous lessons * An ''instructional component'' that describes the sequence of events that make up the lesson, including the teacher's instructional input and, where appropriate, guided practice by students to consolidate new skills and ideas *''Independent practice'' that allows students to extend skills or knowledge on their own * A ''summary'', where the teacher wraps up the discussion and answers questions * An ''evaluation'' component, a test for mastery of the instructed skills or concepts—such as a set of questions to answer or a set of instructions to follow * A risk assessment where the lesson's risks and the steps taken to minimize them are documented. * ''Analysis'' component the teacher uses to reflect on the lesson itself —such as what worked, what needs improving * A ''continuity'' component reviews and reflects on content from the previous lesson〔"(Writing Lesson Plans )." Huntington University: a Christian college ranked among America's best colleges. 15 Mar. 2009.〕 Herbartian Approach: John Fedrick Herbert (1776-1841) 1. Preparation/Instruction: It pertain to preparing and motivating children to the lesson content by linking it to the previous knowledge of the student, by arousing curiosity of the children and by making an appeal to their senses. This prepare the child's mind to receive new knowledge. "To know where the pupils are and where they should try to be are the two essentials of good teaching" lesson may be started in the following manner: a. Two or three interesting but relevant questions b. Showing a picture/s, a chart or a model c. A situation Statement of Aim: Announcement of the statement of the lesson in a clear, concise, like this "Today, we shall study the..." 2. Presentation/Development: The actual lesson commence here. This step should involve a good deal of activity on the part of the students. The teacher will take the aid of various devices, e.g., questions, illustrations, explanation, expositions, demonstration and sensory aids, etc. Information and knowledge can be given, explained, revealed or suggested. The following principles should be in mind. a. Principle of selection and division: This subject matter should be divided into different sections. The teacher should also decide as to how much he is to tell and how much the pupils are to find out for themselves. b.Principle of successive sequence: The teacher should ensure that the succeeding as well as preceding knowledge is clear to the students. c. Principle of absorption and integration: In the end separation of the parts must be followed by the combination for the understanding of the whole. 3. Association comparison: It is always desirable that new ideas or knowledge be associated to daily life situation by citing suitable examples any by drawing comparison with the related concepts. This steps is important when we are establishing principles or generalizing definitions. 4. Generalizing: This concepts is concerned with the systematizing of the knowledge learn. Comparison and contrast lead to generalization. An effort to be made that students draw the conclusions themselves. It should result in student's own thinking, reflection and experience. 5. Application: It requires a good deal of mental activity to think and apply the principles learn to new situations. Knowledge when it is put to use and verified becomes clear and a part of mental make-up. 6. Recapitulation: Last step of the lesson plan, the teacher tries to ascertain whether the students have understood or grasped the subject matter or not. This is used for assessing/evaluating the effectiveness of the lesson by asking students questions on the contents of the lesson or short objectives types test to the class/to label the unlabelled sketch etc. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「lesson plan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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